Scientific name: Morinda citrifolia

POWO Status: Shrub or Tree

IUCN Red List threat level: Least Concern

GPS Location: 17° 42′ 58.15″ N, 64° 49′ 46.15″ W

Observations:

Phenological Markers – Noni (Morinda citrifolia)

1. Leaf Behavior
Noni is evergreen, with large, opposite, glossy leaves that are broad, ovate, and sometimes wavy at the edges.

• Leaf drop is infrequent, though older leaves may yellow and fall throughout the year.
• New leaves are lighter green and emerge regularly with no strong seasonal pattern.

Observation Tips:

• Monitor for young leaf emergence, especially after rainfall.
• Watch for leaf yellowing near the base of branches—normal aging rather than stress.

2. Flowering
Flowers are small, white, tubular, and emerge from conical green flower heads.

• Noni flowers continuously throughout the year, often with multiple stages (flowering, fruiting) present at once on the same plant.
• Pollinated primarily by small insects and self-compatible.

Observation Tips:

• Track emergence of new flower heads and flower density per head.
• Observe insect interactions, particularly in early morning.

3. Fruiting
The fruit is an irregular, bumpy compound structure, starting green and ripening to pale yellow-white.

• Ripe fruit has a strong, cheesy or fermented odor.
• Fruits are present nearly year-round, with peak production following rainfall.
• Seeds are dispersed by animals and water.

Observation Tips:

• Record fruit formation, ripening, and drop.
• Note the distinct smell of ripe fruit and animal interest (rats, birds, even crabs).
• Monitor for fermentation or mold on fallen fruits.

4. Growth Habit
Noni grows as a small tree or large shrub, usually 10–20 feet tall, and is resilient in poor soils and saline conditions.

• Commonly found in disturbed areas, roadsides, and coastal edges, making it ecologically flexible.

5. Seasonal Pattern (St. Croix)

• Year-round: Leaf production, flowering, and fruiting occur continuously
• May–Nov: Increased fruit set and ripening following rain
• Dec–Apr: Reduced fruit load but still active growth and flowering