Golden Apple
Scientific name: Spondias dulcis
POWO Status: Tree
IUCN Red List threat level: Least Concern
GPS Location: 17° 42′ 59.21″ N, 64° 49′ 40.51″ W
Observations:
Phenological Markers – Golden Apple (Spondias dulcis)
1. Leaf Behavior
Golden Apple is deciduous, shedding its leaves during the dry season, especially from January to March in St. Croix.
- Leaves are pinnately compound, with 9–25 leaflets per leaf.
- Leaf drop may be partial or complete, often followed by rapid new growth in spring.
Observation Tips:
- Track canopy thinning and full leaf drop in early dry season.
- Watch for new flushes of soft green leaves by March–April, sometimes coinciding with flowering.
2. Flowering
The tree produces small, white to yellowish flowers in long, slender, hanging panicles.
- Flowering typically occurs just after or during leaf flush, usually March to May.
- Flowers are fragrant and abundant, and pollinated by bees and other small insects.
Observation Tips:
- Monitor for emergence of flower panicles near branch tips.
- Record flower density, peak bloom, and insect activity.
3. Fruiting
The fruit is an oval, green drupe that ripens to golden-yellow. It has a fibrous interior and central stone.
- Fruiting follows flowering and typically peaks from June to September.
- Fruits are edible when green (tart) or ripe (sweet and soft).
Observation Tips:
- Track fruit development and ripening, especially color changes.
- Note fruit drop, which may increase after rains or winds.
- Observe animal activity, such as birds or humans harvesting fruit.
4. Growth Habit
Golden Apple grows quickly, forming a broad, rounded canopy.
- Branches are often upright and spreading, and lower limbs may bear fruit, making it ideal for community harvest.
5. Seasonal Pattern (St. Croix)
- Jan–Mar: Leaf drop
- Mar–May: Leaf flush and flowering
- Jun–Sep: Fruit development and ripening
- Oct–Dec: Canopy regrowth and occasional flowering