Scientific name: Krugiodendron ferreum

GPS Location: 17° 42′ 58.75″ N, 64° 49′ 44.13″ W

Observations:

Phenological Markers – Ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)

1. Leaf Behavior
Ironwood is evergreen, with small, thick, leathery leaves that are dark green and shiny.

• Leaves are opposite and oval to oblong, with a tough texture.
• There is no distinct seasonal leaf drop, though older leaves fall intermittently year-round.

Observation Tips:

• Watch for subtle new leaf flushes—new leaves may be slightly lighter in color.
• Note that this species maintains a stable canopy, even during droughts.

2. Flowering
Flowers are small, greenish-white, and usually inconspicuous, borne in leaf axils.

• Flowering can occur multiple times a year, often triggered by rainfall events rather than fixed seasons.
• Individual flowers are not showy, but close inspection reveals their presence.

Observation Tips:

• Observe leaf axils for small clusters of flowers.
• Flowering may be sporadic or subtle, so check regularly during wetter months.

3. Fruiting
Fruits are small drupes, about the size of a pea, which turn dark purple to black when ripe.

• Fruiting follows flowering and may occur several times per year, with small crops.
• The fruit is eaten by birds, aiding seed dispersal.

Observation Tips:

• Track fruit color change, from green to dark purple/black.
• Monitor for bird activity and fruit drop under the tree.

4. Growth Habit
Ironwood grows as a small to medium-sized tree, typically 10–25 feet tall, with a dense, rounded crown.

• Its name reflects the exceptionally hard and heavy wood, which resists decay.
• It is well suited to dry, rocky, or calcareous soils, making it ideal for native and drought-tolerant landscapes.

5. Seasonal Pattern (St. Croix)

• Year-round: Evergreen leaf cover with slow, steady growth
• Mar–Oct: Most likely periods for flowering and fruiting, especially after rains
• Nov–Feb: Minimal visible change; canopy remains stable