Haiti-Haiti

Scientific name: Thespesia populnea

POWO Status: Tree

IUCN Red List threat level: Least Concern

GPS Location: 17° 42′ 59.32″ N, 64° 49′ 47.35″ W

The most common botanical name for this species is Portia. Haiti-Haiti is regional to the US Virgin Islands

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Medicinal Uses

Thespesia populnea, or the Indian tulip tree, is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, with bark, leaves, and fruits applied for skin diseases, wounds, diabetes, fever, and digestive issues like dysentery, while research validates its potential for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, ulcers, and even cholesterol management, though consulting a doctor for modern medicine interactions is crucial. 

Traditional Medicinal Uses (by plant part)

  • Bark: Decoctions treat skin diseases, dysentery, diabetes, gonorrhea, and hemorrhoids; paste used for wound cleansing, abscesses, and tinea; applied with oil for scabies.
  • Leaves: Poultices for swelling, applied for rheumatism, cough, influenza, headaches; leaf tea for urinary retention; porridge purifies blood.
  • Fruits: Juice for rheumatic sprains, insect bites, hepatic diseases, herpes; crushed for urinary problems, abdominal swellings, or mixed with oil to kill lice.
  • Seeds: Purgative properties; used for antifertility. 

Validated Therapeutic Properties (from research)

  • Anti-inflammatory & Analgesic: Reduces pain and inflammation.
  • Antimicrobial: Fights bacteria and fungi.
  • Antioxidant: Protects cells from damage.
  • Hepatoprotective: Protects the liver.
  • Antidiabetic: Helps manage blood sugar.
  • Neuroprotective: Shows potential for Alzheimer’s and memory improvement.
  • Wound Healing: Promotes faster healing. 

Important Considerations

  • Bioactive Compounds: Contains flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, tannins, phenolic compounds, and more, which contribute to its effects.
  • Dosage & Interactions: While effective, excessive intake can cause gastric issues; consult a doctor if taking Western medicine, especially for chronic conditions.

Observations:

Thespesia populnea – Phenology Markers

Common Names: Portia Tree, Seaside Mahoe, Milo (Hawaiian), Indian Tulip Tree
Scientific Name: Thespesia populnea
Family: Malvaceae
Native Range: Tropical Asia and the Pacific; naturalized and widespread throughout coastal regions of the Caribbean, including the Virgin Islands

General Description:

The Portia Tree is a medium-sized, fast-growing tree commonly found along tropical coastlines. Its heart-shaped leaves and showy, hibiscus-like yellow flowers (that darken to maroon as they age) make it visually striking. Highly salt-tolerant and wind-resistant, it is often used in erosion control and coastal restoration. The tree also holds traditional value for its strong, workable wood and medicinal uses.

Phenological Markers:

1. Flowering Period:

  • First Sign of Budding: Late winter to early spring (February – March)
  • Peak Bloom: Spring through summer (April – August)
  • End of Flowering: Late fall (October – November)
  • Flower Characteristics: Large, hibiscus-like flowers; bright yellow with a maroon center, fading to deep maroon before dropping; blooms typically last one day

2. Leaf Growth and Senescence:

  • New Leaf Growth: Late winter to early spring (February – April)
  • Leaf Maturity: Spring (April – May)
  • Leaf Senescence: Minimal in tropical climates; may shed older leaves gradually year-round
  • Leaf Characteristics: Broad, heart-shaped leaves with a glossy green surface; alternate arrangement

3. Fruit Production:

  • First Sign of Fruit Development: Spring to early summer (April – June)
  • Fruit Maturity: Summer to early fall (July – October)
  • End of Fruiting: Late fall (November)
  • Fruit Characteristics: Round, hard, woody capsules, about 1–2 inches across; mature fruits turn brown and may persist on branches or drop

4. Dormancy Period:

  • Dormancy Begins: Typically none in tropical coastal climates; growth slows during dry periods
  • Dormancy Ends: N/A
  • Dormancy Characteristics: The tree is evergreen under favorable conditions but may experience slowed leaf growth during drought

Ecological Notes:

  • Pollinators: Bees and butterflies
  • Wildlife Interaction: Flowers and fruits attract insects; fallen fruits may float and aid in seed dispersal
  • Soil Preferences: Thrives in sandy, coastal soils; highly salt- and wind-tolerant
  • Growth Habit: Dense, rounded canopy; usually 15–30 feet tall but can grow taller in optimal conditions

Observational Guidelines:

  • Best Time for Observation: April through October for full sequence of flowering and fruiting
  • Key Photo Opportunities:
    • Yellow blooms in the morning, maroon aging flowers in the afternoon
    • Leaf flush and overall canopy shape
    • Green to brown fruit capsule development
  • Phenology Triggers: Rainfall and rising temperatures initiate new growth and flowering
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