This native Caribbean shrub or small tree is Cow Itch Cherry, Malpighia infestissima. It belongs to the Barbados cherry family, Malpighiaceae, and is native to parts of the Caribbean. Although it is related to the cultivated acerola or Barbados cherry, it is a distinct species. Kew currently accepts Malpighia infestissima as its botanical name.

The plant usually develops as a densely branched shrub or small tree. Its leaves are simple, arranged in opposite pairs and generally oval to somewhat elongated, with smooth edges.

The common name “Cow Itch” refers to the fine, stiff hairs found on parts of the plant, especially the undersides of the leaves. These hairs can irritate the skin, so this is a plant to examine with the eyes rather than the hands.

The flowers are small but very attractive. They usually have five delicate pink or lavender petals, often with fringed or crinkled edges. Their unusual shape is typical of the genus Malpighia.

Members of the Malpighiaceae family often have specialized oil-producing glands on their flowers. Certain bees collect this floral oil rather than nectar, carrying pollen between blossoms as they visit. This relationship between the plants and oil-collecting bees is one of the family’s most interesting ecological features.

After flowering, the plant produces small, rounded fruits that resemble miniature cherries. They begin green and become red or dark-colored as they mature. Although they may look similar to edible Barbados cherries, visitors should not assume that unfamiliar fruits are safe to eat.

The fruits may be taken by birds, which then help disperse the seeds. The dense branches can also provide cover and shelter for small animals.

Cow Itch Cherry is therefore a plant of contrasts. Its pink, finely shaped flowers invite a closer look, while its irritating hairs warn us not to become too familiar.

It is a good example of how a native Caribbean plant can protect itself without large thorns or poisonous-looking leaves. Sometimes a plant’s defense is almost invisible—until we touch it.